{"id":460,"date":"2022-11-29T15:16:09","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T15:16:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/?p=460"},"modified":"2025-10-06T09:30:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T09:30:28","slug":"insar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/","title":{"rendered":"INSAR Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>InSAR technology is capable of measuring ground deformations with extreme precision<\/strong> using data from satellites, orbiting hundreds of kilometers high up in the sky. It seem science-fiction to detect movements of a few millimeters from space,  but that\u2019s how it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are a <strong>civil engineer, geo-technician, geologist<\/strong>, or if you are involved in <strong>any phase of the life cycle of a large infrastructure<\/strong> (planning, design, construction or operation) <strong>you should know InSAR technology<\/strong> or at least the most basic capabilities of it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Those who are <strong>responsible for the management<\/strong> or control of <strong>groundwater exploitation<\/strong>; managers or operators of <strong>linear infrastructures, dams, bridges, tunnels, mines, hydrocarbon extraction sites, experts in earthquakes, plate tectonics, volcanoes<\/strong>&#8230; should also <strong>know and integrate<\/strong> this incredible <strong>technology<\/strong> in their daily work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article we would like to <strong>introduce you to InSAR<\/strong>. We also focus on the <strong>meaning of some technical terms<\/strong> as well as on the <strong>potential offered by this technology in the infrastructure sector<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"detektia-postcta\"><p>We specialize in InSAR technology and how to take advantage of it to continuously monitor following infrastructures:<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"detektia-cta-services\"><div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-2154\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-dams.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-dams.jpg 400w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-dams-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-dams-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/structural-health-monitoring\/dams\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dams<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-2155\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-ports.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-ports.jpg 400w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-ports-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-ports-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-3-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/structural-health-monitoring\/ports\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ports<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-2156\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-embankments.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-embankments.jpg 400w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-embankments-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-embankments-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-3-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/structural-health-monitoring\/embankments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">embankments<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-2157\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-tunnels.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-tunnels.jpg 400w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-tunnels-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-tunnels-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/structural-health-monitoring\/tunnels\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tunnels<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover is-light\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#baa276\"><\/span><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-3069\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-aquifers.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-aquifers.jpg 400w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-aquifers-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-aquifers-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar-ground-movement-monitoring\/aquifers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">groundwater dynamics<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#665c4e\"><\/span><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-3070\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-landslides.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-landslides.jpg 400w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-landslides-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/eyeradar-landslides-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\"><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\"><p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar-ground-movement-monitoring\/landslides\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">landslides<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to <strong>learn more about the technical side and operation of this technology<\/strong>, we suggest you to <strong>continue reading this content<\/strong>. If, on the other hand, you are interested in <strong>applying it to continuously monitor any infrastructure or surface<\/strong>, you can access the <strong>sections linked above<\/strong> or <a class=\"popmake-1035\" href=\"#\"><strong>contact us<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> To make use of the information provided by satellite data, it is not essential to have an in-depth understanding of the complex technology that enables it. However, it is beneficial to have a basic comprehension of certain aspects in order to understand the results obtained, such as the quality and accuracy of the data or the direction in which InSAR measures movements and deformations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/#What_is_InSAR\" >What is InSAR?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/#What_are_interferograms\" >What are interferograms?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/#What_is_DInSAR\" >What is DInSAR?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/#How_is_DInSAR_technology_used_in_the_civil_engineering_sector\" >How is DInSAR technology used in the civil engineering sector?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/#In_which_direction_does_InSAR_measure_deformations\" >In which direction does InSAR measure deformations?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_InSAR\"><\/span>What is InSAR?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)<\/strong> uses information from <a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/sar-synthetic-aperture-radar\/\">Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)<\/a> sensors. These active sensors emit electromagnetic pulses in the microwave spectrum, operate both day and night, and are capable of penetrating clouds.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"detektia-postcta\"><p>InSAR is the acronym for Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A lot of applications only focus on the amplitude of the signal that is sent back to the sensor and tend to overlook the phase information of the wave. However, <strong>interferometry-based techniques make use of this phase information of the backscattered radiation<\/strong>. In case you are not sure what the phase of a wave is, there are plenty of online resources available to help you refresh your memory quickly.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_interferograms\"><\/span>What are interferograms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Interferograms are maps or images generated by calculating the <strong>phase differences between two satellite image<\/strong>s taken of the <strong>same area<\/strong> of the Earth&#8217;s surface at <strong>different points in time<\/strong>. This technique helps to visualize changes that may have occurred during that time period.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"detektia-postcta\"><p>An interferogram could be defined as the difference phase between two images that were taken at different dates but on the same location.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The goal of an interferogram is to <strong>generate displacement maps and digital terrain models (DTMs)<\/strong>, also known as elevation maps of the terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_DInSAR\"><\/span>What is DInSAR?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Basically DInSAR is exactly the same as InSAR. There are several names used to describe this technology, and it&#8217;s important to be able to recognize them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>InSAR<\/strong> is the most general term and includes everything. Sometimes, when more advanced InSAR techniques are discussed, terms like <strong>Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR)<\/strong> or <strong>Multi-Temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR)<\/strong> may be used.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"detektia-postcta\"><p>DInSAR is the acronym for Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>InSAR is sometimes used when only two-date images are used, while <strong>DInSAR <\/strong>or <strong>MT-InSAR<\/strong> refers to more advanced techniques that use long series of images. However, this is not always the case, and InSAR is a generic term that encompasses everything. In this post, we use both terms interchangeably.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_DInSAR_technology_used_in_the_civil_engineering_sector\"><\/span>How is DInSAR technology used in the civil engineering sector?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We have seen that by calculating the phase differences between two images of the same area but taken at different times, we can generate maps called interferograms. However, we have not yet explained their real-world applications or usefulness in our industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By using series of interferograms, we can<strong> infer the displacement or deformation of the ground surface<\/strong> over time. T<strong>o minimize errors<\/strong> and separate the deformation signal from other signals, <strong>long time series of interferograms <\/strong>are used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This allows for <strong>early <\/strong>and completely remote <strong>detection of any deformation<\/strong> that may <strong>occur in infrastructure <\/strong>such as bridges, dams, tunnels, slopes, or ports.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"detektia-postcta\"><p>DInSAR technology helps on the early detection of any anomalous deformation of any infrastructure. It helps improving and prioritizing preventive maintenance as well as reducing maintenance costs.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>DInSAR technology allows for <strong>early detection of any anomalous deformation in infrastructure<\/strong>, which improves and prioritizes preventive maintenance of assets, reduces costs, and prevents incidents. It is also used to <strong>detect land subsidence<\/strong> caused by continuous water extraction from aquifers, which can also affect surface infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you want to learn more about the potential of this technology, you can see how Detektia uses it to provide <a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/structural-health-monitoring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">structural health monitoring solutions on infrastructures<\/a> and to facilitate <a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar-ground-movement-monitoring\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ground movement monitoring<\/a>. It is recommended to work with long time series to avoid possible errors in the results.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"detektia-postcta\"><p>It is recommended to work with long time series to avoid possible errors in the results.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A<strong>dvanced InSAR techniques<\/strong>, such as Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) or Small Baseline Subset (SBAS), use <strong>multiple images<\/strong> acquired in the same location, <strong>generating a large number of interferograms<\/strong>, and including a processing flow that allows<strong> separating the deformation signal of interest from other observation components<\/strong>, such as residual topographic error, atmospheric error, or orbital error.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id='newsletter-detektia'><p>We will soon be launching a new edition of the InSAR satellite course applied to infrastructure management. Would you like to receive more information?<\/p><p>We are sending all the details through our free newsletter. We promise not to send you spam, only relevant information about the sector. Sign up for all the details.<\/p><form action=\"https:\/\/detektia.ipzmarketing.com\/f\/WYCxBS0OvfI\" accept-charset=\"UTF-8\" method=\"post\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"anotheremail\" id=\"anotheremail\" style=\"position: absolute; left: -5000px\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"new-password\" \/><div class=\"signup-form-content\"><div><div style=\"float: left; width: 75%;\"><div><input placeholder=\"E-mail address\" type=\"email\" name=\"subscriber[email]\" id=\"subscriber_email\" style=\"width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0px; background-color: white;\" required\/><\/div><\/div><div style=\"float: left; width: 22%; margin-left: 3%;\"><input type=\"submit\" name=\"commit\" value=\"Send\" class=\"btn btn-primary\" data-disable-with=\"Loading\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; width: 100%;\" \/><\/div><div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"recaptcha\"><script src=\"https:\/\/www.recaptcha.net\/recaptcha\/api.js\" async defer ><\/script><div data-sitekey=\"6LfxSlQUAAAAAE2wMx0128AjWWFXJoBkiNQn2m8m\" class=\"g-recaptcha \"><\/div><noscript><div><div style=\"width:302px;height:422px;position:relative\"><div style=\"width:302px;height:422px;position:absolute\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.recaptcha.net\/recaptcha\/api\/fallback?k=6LfxSlQUAAAAAE2wMx0128AjWWFXJoBkiNQn2m8m\" name=\"ReCAPTCHA\" style=\"width:302px;height:422px;border-style:none;border:0;overflow:hidden\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><div style=\"width:300px;height:60px;border-style:none;bottom:12px;left:25px;margin:0;padding:0;right:25px;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #c1c1c1;border-radius:3px\"><textarea name=\"g-recaptcha-response\" class=\"g-recaptcha-response\" style=\"width:250px;height:40px;border:1px solid #c1c1c1;margin:10px 25px;padding:0;resize:none\">\n                <\/textarea><\/div><\/div><\/noscript><\/div><div style=\"width: 100%; margin-top: 20px;\"><div><div class=\"checkbox\"><input value=\"0\" autocomplete=\"off\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"subscriber[subscribed_with_acceptance]\" \/><label class=\"boolean required\" for=\"subscriber_subscribed_with_acceptance\"><input class=\"boolean required\" required=\"required\" aria-required=\"true\" type=\"checkbox\" value=\"1\" name=\"subscriber[subscribed_with_acceptance]\" id=\"subscriber_subscribed_with_acceptance\" \/> I Agree to <a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/privacy-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Policy<\/a>.<\/label><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/form><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_which_direction_does_InSAR_measure_deformations\"><\/span>In which direction does InSAR measure deformations?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The sensor on board the satellites <strong>illuminates the same area in its upward pass<\/strong> (when the satellite travels from south to north) as in its <strong>downward pass<\/strong> (when it travels from north to south).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The figure below shows how the same area can be viewed from these two different viewpoints (upward geometry and downward geometry).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/what-is-insar.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/what-is-insar.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/what-is-insar-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/what-is-insar-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/what-is-insar-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Satellite data acquisition scheme with ascending and descending geometry.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The sensor <em>emits the pulses in a one-side-looking geometry<\/em>, in contrast to the zenith view of optical sensors on earth observation satellites. The <strong>measurements made with InSAR technology are one-dimensional<\/strong>, i.e. they measure the movements on the line connecting the satellite to each observed point (LOS, line-of-sight). To obtain the displacements in the vertical axis and planimetry it is necessary to decompose the movements in LOS taking into account the geometry of the system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the case of an area where the planimetry motions are negligible compared to the vertical motions, the vertical motion can be calculated from a single LOS geometry using the cosine of the angle of incidence of the satellite in that area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following figure shows a schematic with the line of measurement of the motions in upward geometry, as well as the color code used by Detektia in its reports and web platform.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-technology.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-technology.jpg 720w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-technology-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-technology-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Satellite radar image acquisition scheme. In the left image, acquisition configuration in ascending mode. On the right, color scheme for the movements analyzed in this geometry.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In the case that the horizontal movement is not negligible, we can <strong>decompose the movements in LOS<\/strong> obtained using the two acquisition geometries (ascending and descending) to obtain the vertical and horizontal displacements in the East-West axis as shown in the following figure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Schematic of the decomposition of movements through the combination of ascending and descending geometry in movements in vertical plane and East-West planimetry. Where Dreal is the real motion of the analyzed point, Ddes is the motion in LOS in downward geometry, Dasc is the motion in LOS in upward geometry. Dv and Deo are the decomposed motions in the vertical axis and in East-West planimetry.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center margin-bottom-15px\" style=\"font-size:30px\">You may also be interested in following contents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns insar-vertical-more-post is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/insar-course\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-course-banner-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-course-banner-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-course-banner-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-course-banner-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-course-banner.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Discover our <strong>Satellite InSAR Course<\/strong> Applied to the <strong>Civil Engineering Sector<\/strong>.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/ps-insar-ds-insar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-scatterers-permanentes-y-scatterers-distribuidos-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-scatterers-permanentes-y-scatterers-distribuidos-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-scatterers-permanentes-y-scatterers-distribuidos-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-scatterers-permanentes-y-scatterers-distribuidos-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/insar-scatterers-permanentes-y-scatterers-distribuidos.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Learn about <strong>persistent scatterer interferometry<\/strong> &amp; <strong>distributed scattering interferometry<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/radar-image-distortions-significance-in-terrain-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/radar-image-distortions-significance-terrain-analysis-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/radar-image-distortions-significance-terrain-analysis-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/radar-image-distortions-significance-terrain-analysis-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/radar-image-distortions-significance-terrain-analysis-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/radar-image-distortions-significance-terrain-analysis.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Learn more about <strong>radar image distortions<\/strong> &amp; <strong>how to deal with them<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"detektia-postcta\"><p>Did you enjoy reading this article? We hope we have solved all your doubts. If you have any question, do not hesitate to send us your query \u2193\u2193\u2193\u2193<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>InSAR technology is capable of measuring ground deformations with extreme precision using data from satellites, orbiting hundreds of kilometers high up in the sky. It seem science-fiction to detect movements of a few millimeters from space, but that\u2019s how it works. If you are a civil engineer, geo-technician, geologist, or if you are involved in &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"INSAR Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/detektia.com\/en\/insar\/#more-460\" aria-label=\"Read more about INSAR Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":540,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-460","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-detektia","8":"generate-columns","9":"tablet-grid-50","10":"mobile-grid-100","11":"grid-parent","12":"grid-50","13":"no-featured-image-padding"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u25b7 What is InSAR? 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